Side effects from taking vitamin D. Vitamin D3: who needs it and why, what products and preparations it contains. Vitamin D preparations

Content:

The main types of vitamin D. Where is it found. The daily norm, the danger of deficiency and excess. Instructions for use.

Even in the Middle Ages, doctors were convinced that problems with rickets were solved by taking fish oil. At the same time, medieval healers did not know which element plays the main role in restoring the body. Only hundreds of years later, vitamin D was discovered, which will be discussed in the article.

What are the characteristics of this substance? What effect does it have on the body? We will also consider the consequences of vitamin D deficiency, instructions for use and a number of other issues.

Varieties

Studies have shown that vitamin D is synthesized under the action of UV rays in plant tissues and living organisms. In this case, the substance is represented by a group that includes:

• ergocalciferol (D2);
• cholecalciferol (D3);
• 22,23-dihydro-erogalciferol (D4);
• 24-ethylcholecalciferol (D5);
• 22-dihydroethylcalciferol (D6).

Of the above elements, only two vitamins are most widely used: D2 and D3. Today, it is these substances that have found application in medicine and are actively prescribed in the treatment (prevention) of diseases.

Cholecalciferol is different in that it is synthesized under the influence of sunlight and comes with food. With ergocalciferol, the story is different - the body receives it only with food.

Indications for use

Additional intake of vitamin D is required for a disease such as rickets, when signs of a deficiency of the substance appear, or in case of slow development of the joints. It is also prescribed for the following problems:

• joint diseases;
• bone fractures;
• osteoporosis;
• problems with the absorption of phosphorus and calcium;
• lupus erythematosus;
• inflammation of the bone marrow;
• tetany;
• spasmophilia;
• chronic pancreatitis;
• chronic gastritis and enteritis;
• tuberculosis and so on.

In medical practice, vitamin D3 capsules are often prescribed for a number of related diseases - hypoparathyroidism, enterocolitis and others.

It is worth knowing that the appointment of the drug in all the cases described above is possible only after the examination. Only a doctor should determine the dosage and make recommendations regarding the use of the supplement..

Contraindications

Despite the versatility of the action, the intake of the considered elements can carry risks for the body. Doctors prohibit taking ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol in the following cases:

• hypervitaminosis;
• hypercalcemia;
• calcium nephrourolithiasis;
• excessive sensitivity and others.

In some cases, doctors prescribe the supplement with caution, namely:

• with heart failure;
• with atherosclerosis;
• with renal failure;
• with pulmonary tuberculosis;
• in the presence of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys.

Vitamin D3 is not always useful for adult women during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

Dosage

To avoid deficiency, it is worth considering the dosage requirements. So, the daily norm of D2 or D3 is 10 mcg. If a person is in the sun with a bare torso for at least 3-5 hours during the day, then the body receives the full amount of the beneficial substance. Otherwise, it is recommended to saturate the diet with D-containing foods or take additional drugs.

In international terms, the IU parameter is accepted, which corresponds to 0.025 mg of a substance. Accordingly, 1 μg is equal to 40 IU, and daily dosage - 400 IU. At the same time, the needs of the body differ depending on a number of factors - the country of residence, age, purpose of appointment, and so on.

Most often, the substance is prescribed in the following dosages:

• prevention of rickets - 620 IU per day;
• premature babies - 1250 IU;
• newborn child - 300 IU;
• during pregnancy - 600 IU.

It is worth considering that when prescribing a vitamin for the treatment of various diseases, the dosage increases:

• with osteoporosis - 1300-3000 IU;
• in the treatment of rickets - 1200-5000 IU;
• with hypoparathyroidism - 10-20 thousand IU;
• with osteomalacia - 1200-3200 IU.

The body's needs for the substance in question also increase in the presence of the following factors:

• insufficient exposure to the sun;
• living in regions with polluted air;
• vegetarianism, diet abuse;
• poor sleep, work at night;
• living in the northern regions;
• dark skin;
• intestinal upset (associated with poor digestibility).

Only a doctor can tell adults and children how to take vitamin D correctly. When making a verdict, he focuses on the factors mentioned above and determines the method of administration - tablets, capsules or oil solution.

Where is it contained?

Vitamin D enters the body with many foods. Main sources:

• fish fat;
• sprats in oil;
• kidneys and liver (pork, beef);
• mushrooms;
• some vegetables and fruits.

It is worth remembering that the main supplier - skin that synthesizes the vitamin under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.

What is the danger of deficiency and excess?

Many begin the course without knowing how to take vitamin D correctly. This approach is fraught with various consequences for the body due to an excess or lack of a substance.

Deficiency symptoms are as follows:

• weakening of skeletal muscles;
• decreased calcium levels in vital body fluids;
• osteomalacia, which is characterized by a decrease in the level of phosphorus in the body.

An overdose is also dangerous, which manifests itself:

• muscle tremor;
• difficulty breathing;
• headache;
• skin itching;
• general weakness;
• loss of appetite;
• stool problems;
• jumps in blood pressure;
• vomiting and so on.

Side effect

The body does not always adequately respond to the intake of vitamin D. Side effects in this case manifest themselves as follows:

• allergic reactions;
• loss of appetite;
• increase in pressure;
• headache;
• constipation;
• malfunctions of the kidneys;
• arrhythmia;
• arthralgia and others.

With prolonged intake of large dosages of the element, the risk of hypervitaminosis is high (the consequences were mentioned above).

Vitamin D preparations

Considering how to take this substance, it is worth noting the drugs in which it is contained:

In the body of modern people there is a deficiency of vitamin D. D2 supplied with food is not enough, and the formation of D3 requires prolonged sunbathing at certain times of solar activity. Everyone should know when and how to take vitamin D properly.

Vitamin D deficiency

Vitamin D is called calciferol. Deficiency occurs with a low intake of phosphorus and calcium and its poor absorption. It does not allow the skeletal system to form correctly, the immune system and the nervous system to fully work. The patient begins to develop irreversible chronic diseases.

Vitamin D is fat soluble and stored in adipose tissue. It also acts as a hormone. Fish oil with vitamin D is the natural form to take.

The role of calciferol cannot be overestimated:

1. Required for calcium absorption. Hypovitaminosis D in childhood leads to rickets and skeletal deformities. In an adult, pores appear in the bones, osteoporosis develops.
2. Supports the concentration of phosphorus. It is necessary to strengthen the muscles, immune, cardiovascular and nervous systems.
3. The reproductive system, intestines and thyroid gland, with a deficiency, begin to work incorrectly.
4. Participates in metabolism, promoting the absorption of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus.
5. Prevents the development of type II diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis.
6. Calciferol slows down the reproduction of malignant cells, which increases the effectiveness of cancer therapy and prevention.
7. Activates genes associated with the fight against chronic and infectious diseases.

The main factors in the development of deficiency:

• Vegetarianism - eggs, fish, milk, cheese are the main sources.
• Lack of UV rays - occurs in residents of the northern regions or with little exposure to the street during the daytime.
• Dark skin color - melanin reduces the production of calciferol.
• Kidney disease in which vitamin D is not converted to its active form.
• Insufficient absorption associated with improper functioning of the stomach and intestines.

It is impossible to determine the lack of calciferol at an early stage. The diagnosis is made at the height of the disease. Main symptoms:

• aching joints;
• fast fatiguability;
• headache;
• problems with teeth;
• nervousness, sudden mood swings;
• blurred vision;
• weight loss.

Deficiency can be detected only after a biochemical blood test.

With obesity, Crohn's disease, kidney and liver diseases, after gastric bypass surgery, doctors must prescribe prophylactic vitamin D intake all year round.

An effective form of vitamin D

There are several forms of vitamin D on the market:

• aqueous solution for internal use;
• liquid oily solution for internal injection;
• capsules, tablets.

How to drink vitamin D?

It is easily absorbed by the body in any form. Whatever form is used, it is important to strictly follow the instructions. Consulting a doctor and following the recommendations will guarantee success and reduce the risk of side effects.

Studies have shown that aqueous solutions are better absorbed in the intestines. This is actively used in the care of premature babies - their organs do not produce enough bile to absorb the oil solution. However, recently the number of allergic reactions and inflammation in the intestines of newborns has increased when taking aqueous solutions.

The most natural form of vitamin D is found in cod liver, sardine, mackerel or salmon carcasses. Medical sources indicate that 1 tbsp. l. cod fish oil contains 600-800 IU, and herring - 300-400 IU. The leader is salmon - 1000-1200 IU.

The vitamin D group includes:

• D2 - comes with food;
• D3 - is produced under the action of UV on the skin and comes with food.

They can be partially interchanged, but they are not capable of fully fulfilling the tasks of a “partner”.

Form D2 is broken down into a number of components, the excess of which can harm the body. Form D3 is converted to calcitriol, which resists malignant cells.

Differences between the two forms:

• Vitamin D2 - ergocalciferol. It is not synthesized by the body, but is made from a special class of yeast.
• Vitamin D3 - cholecalciferol. The natural form that the body synthesizes when exposed to sunlight. It is this form that I often prescribe to newborns. Industrial supplements are made from animal fat.

Vitamin D intake

Not everyone knows how to drink vitamin D correctly. When determining the dosage and interval of administration, the region, the characteristics of the body and the time of year are taken into account. For example, with osteoporosis in women, an additional 3000 IU of vitamin D2 is required.

The daily requirement of an adult organism is 4000-5000 IU. The average person receives from food and sunlight about 2000-3000 IU. For various countries, this value is in the range of 0-11.2 mcg per day. To make up the difference, an additional 400-2000 IU is required. But it is worth remembering that the maximum allowable prophylactic dose is 50 mgc per day (2000 IU).

Doctors recommend that Russians take 10 mcg every day, but after 60 years, the physiological need increases to 15 mcg (MP 2.3.1.2432-08). You can not exceed the duration of the course, since an excess of vitamin in the body is undesirable.

Like fish oil, which is best absorbed with vitamin C, vitamin D also needs companions. It is good if multivitamins contain K2, magnesium and zinc.

Vitamin D dosage for children

Mothers do not always figure out how to properly drink vitamin D to children. They do not take into account a number of factors that pediatricians know about.

The oil solution is prescribed for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes during pregnancy. The dosage is selected individually, but in the third trimester it should be 1400 IU. This is necessary to prevent rickets in the unborn child. If antenatal prophylaxis has not been performed, then it is carried out during breastfeeding.

Pediatricians prescribe pure vitamin D for a maximum of 2-3 years. Older children are recommended to use complex means. For example, . There are special preparations on the market with a high content of this element due to the mixing of fats of various varieties of fish.

The physiological need of a newborn child is 10 mcg / day. As a prevention of rickets, children are prescribed 600-700 IU per day. The course is required in cold weather, when the skin does not synthesize D3. The need for healthy children under 4 years old is 7.5-10 mcg. At the age of 4-6 years, the required amount is 3 mcg, and then the dose is reduced to 2.5 mcg.

An overdose occurs only when taken in excess of the volume for several months.

Vitamin D is essential for the proper functioning of body systems. Its deficiency is especially dangerous in children, when the body is actively growing and developing. Complex biological supplements for adults and children will help to fill the gap.

Registration number:

Tradename: VITAMIN DZ BON

INN: Colecalciferol

Dosage form: solution for intramuscular injection and oral administration.

Compound for 1 ampoule (1 ml)
Active substance:
Colecalciferol (vitamin DZ) 5.0 mg (200,000 IU)
Excipients:
Medium chain triglycerides q.s. up to 1 ml

Description
Transparent liquid with a yellowish tint, odorless.

Pharmacotherapeutic group
Calcium-phosphorus metabolism regulator.

ATX code: [A11SS05]

Pharmacological properties
Vitamin D3, regulator of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Enhances calcium absorption in the intestine and phosphorus reabsorption in the renal tubules. It contributes to the formation of the bone skeleton and teeth in children, the preservation of the structure of bones. Necessary for the normal functioning of the parathyroid glands. Participates in the synthesis of lymphokines and ATP.

Pharmacokinetics
It is absorbed in the distal small intestine with the participation of bile acids, in the blood it binds to alpha2-globulins and partially to albumins, is transferred to the liver, (first hydroxylation) is transformed into 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (calcidiol). This is the main circulating form, which is converted in the kidneys (second hydroxylation) into the corresponding active forms. The most important of these is 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol).
The main places of deposition are adipose tissue and muscles.
Vitamin D is excreted primarily in the faeces. A small amount is excreted in the urine.

Indications for use
Prevention and treatment of rickets, spasmophilia, osteomalacia of various origins, metabolic osteopathies (hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism), hypocalcemic tetany.

Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to vitamin D3, hypercalcemia, hyperkalydiuria, sarcoidosis, calcium nephrourolithiasis, thyrotoxicosis (probability of hypersensitivity), renal osteodystrophy with hyperphosphatemia, hypervitaminosis D.

Carefully:
Atherosclerosis, heart failure, renal failure, pulmonary tuberculosis (active form), hyperphosphatemia, phosphate nephrourolithiasis, organic heart disease, acute and chronic diseases of the liver and kidneys, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (including peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum), period pregnancy and lactation, hypothyroidism.

Use during pregnancy and lactation
Hypercalcemia during pregnancy can cause defects in the physical and mental development of the fetus.
Since vitamin D3 and its metabolites pass into breast milk, during pregnancy, the daily dose of D3 should not exceed 600 IU.

Dosage and administration
The drug is used both intramuscularly and orally.
Infants receiving milk with vitamin D: 1/2 ampoule (i.e. 100,000 IU) every 6 months
Infants who are breastfed or not receiving vitamin D milk, children aged 5 years and older: 1 ampoule (i.e. 200,000 IU) every 6 months
Teens: 1 ampoule (i.e. 200,000 IU) every 6 months during winter
Pregnant: 1/2 ampoule (i.e. 100,000 IU) from 6 to 7 months of pregnancy, the same dose may be repeated in case of lack of sun, or the last trimester of pregnancy falls in the winter.
Elderly people: 1/2 ampoule (i.e. 100,000 IU) every 3 months
Adults or children with malnutrition:
Adults or children on concomitant antiepileptic therapy: 1/2 to 1 ampoule (i.e. 100,000 IU to 200,000 IU) every 3 months
For vitamin D3 deficiency: 1 ampoule (i.e. 200,000 IU), a single repeated application is recommended over the next 1-6 months.
To accurately set the required volume of the drug, use a glass syringe

Side effect
Hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, anorexia, polyuria, constipation, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, increased arterial pressure, arrhythmias, renal failure, allergic reactions.

Overdose
Symptoms of vitamin D hypervitaminosis:
Early (due to hypercalcemia) - constipation or diarrhea, dryness of the oral mucosa, headache, pollakiuria, nocturia, polyuria, anorexia, metallic taste in the mouth, nausea, vomiting, unusual fatigue, general weakness, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria.
Late: bone pain, turbidity of urine (the appearance of hyaline casts in the urine, proteinuria, leukocyturia), increased blood pressure, pruritus, photosensitivity of the eyes, conjunctival hyperemia, arrhythmia, drowsiness, myalgia, nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, gastralgia, weight loss, rarely - psychosis (changes in the psyche and mood).
Symptoms of chronic vitamin D deficiency. When taken for several weeks or months for adults at doses of 20-60 thousand IU / day, children - 2-4 thousand IU / day): calcification of soft tissues, kidneys, lungs, blood vessels , arterial hypertension, renal and chronic heart failure (these effects most often occur when added to hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia), growth retardation in children (long-term use at a dose of 1.8 IU / day).
Treatment: withdrawal of the drug, a diet low in calcium, consumption of large amounts of fluid, the appointment of glucocorticosteroids, a-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, retinol, thiamine, in severe cases - intravenous administration of large amounts of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, furosemide, electrolytes, performing hemodialysis.
There is no specific antidote.
To exclude an overdose, in some cases it is recommended to determine the concentration of calcium in the blood (see "Special Instructions").

Interaction with other drugs
The risk of hypercalcemia is increased by thiazide diuretics. The effect is reduced by phenytoin (an increase in the rate of biotransformation); cholestyramine, glucocorticosteroids, calcitonin, etidronic and pamidronic acid derivatives, plicamycin, gallium nitrate, vitamin A reduces toxicity. Barbiturates increase the rate of biotransformation. Increases the toxicity of cardiac glycosides. Long-term therapy against the background of the simultaneous use of antacids containing aluminum and magnesium increases their concentration in the blood and the risk of intoxication (especially in the presence of chronic renal failure).
Kolestiramin, colestipol and mineral oils reduce the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the gastrointestinal tract and require an increase in their dosage. Increases the absorption of phosphorus-containing drugs and the risk of hyperphosphatemia.
With simultaneous use with sodium fluoride, the interval between doses should be at least 2 hours, with oral forms of tetracyclines - at least 3 hours.
Simultaneous use with other analogues of vitamin D3 increases the risk of developing hypervitaminosis.

special instructions
When using doses above 1000 IU / day, as well as when taking the drug continuously for several months, it is recommended to periodically determine the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in the blood serum to exclude chronic hypervitaminosis D3 and hyperphosphatemia.
In order to prevent the development of hyperphosphatemia in patients with renal bone disease, the drug can be administered together with phosphate binders.

Release form
1 ampoule 1 ml in a plastic case is placed in a cardboard box along with instructions for use.

Best before date
4 years
Do not use after the expiry date stated on the packaging.

Storage conditions
At a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C in a place protected from light, out of the reach of children.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
On prescription

Manufacturer:
For Laboratories BOUCARD-RECORDAT 68, rue Marjolin
92300 Levallois-Perret, France,
produced by OPT PHARMA-LIVRON, 1 rue Côte de Sinar, B.P. 1, 26250 Livron-sur-Drome, France

Representation in Russia: 123610, Moscow, Krasnopresnenskaya emb. 12, office 742

There are contraindications. Please consult your doctor before taking.

Commercial names abroad (abroad) - Arachitol, Actifral D3, Adrigyl, Calcirol, Deetipat, Dekristol, Detrixin, Devaron, Devitre, D-Tracetten, Iper D3, Laevovit D3, Neo Dohyfral, Ospur D3, Ostoforte, Vigantol, Vigorsan, Zymad.

All preparations of vitamins and minerals.

You can ask a question or leave a review about the medicine (please do not forget to indicate the name of the drug in the text of the message).

Preparations containing Colecalciferol (Colecalciferol, ATC code (ATC) A11CC05):

Aquadetrim (vitamin D3) - instructions for use

Clinical and pharmacological group

A drug that regulates the exchange of calcium and phosphorus.

pharmachologic effect

A drug that regulates the exchange of calcium and phosphorus. Vitamin D3 is an active anti-rachitic factor. Vitamin D's most important function is to regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism, which promotes mineralization and skeletal growth.

Vitamin D3 is the natural form of vitamin D, which is formed in the human skin upon exposure to sunlight. Compared to vitamin D2, it is characterized by a 25% higher activity.

Colecalciferol plays a significant role in the absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestine, in the transport of mineral salts and in the process of bone calcification, and also regulates the excretion of calcium and phosphate by the kidneys.

The presence of calcium ions in the blood in physiological concentrations ensures the maintenance of muscle tone of the skeletal muscles, myocardial function, promotes the conduction of nervous excitation, and regulates the process of blood coagulation.

Vitamin D is necessary for the normal functioning of the parathyroid glands, and is also involved in the functioning of the immune system, affecting the production of lymphokines.

Lack of vitamin D in food, impaired absorption, calcium deficiency, as well as insufficient exposure to the sun during the period of rapid growth of the child leads to rickets, in adults - to osteomalacia, in pregnant women, symptoms of tetany, violation of the processes of calcification of the bones of newborns may occur.

An increased need for vitamin D occurs in women during menopause, as they often develop osteoporosis due to hormonal disorders.

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

An aqueous solution of colcalciferol is absorbed better than an oil solution (this is important when used in premature babies, because in this category of patients there is a lack of production and flow of bile into the intestine, which disrupts the absorption of vitamins in the form of oil solutions).

After oral administration, cholecalciferol is absorbed from the small intestine.

Distribution and metabolism

Metabolized in the liver and kidneys.

Penetrates through the placental barrier. It is allocated with breast milk. Colecalciferol accumulates in the body.

breeding

T1 / 2 is several days. It is excreted by the kidneys in a small amount, most of it is excreted in the bile.

Pharmacokinetics in special clinical situations

With renal failure, an increase in T1 / 2 is possible.

Indications for use of AQUADETRIM®

Prevention and treatment:

• vitamin D deficiency;
• rickets and rickets-like diseases;
• hypocalcemic tetany;
• osteomalacia;
• metabolic osteopathies (hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism).

Treatment of osteoporosis, incl. postmenopausal (as part of complex therapy).

Dosing regimen

The dose is set individually, taking into account the amount of vitamin D that the patient receives in the diet and in the form of drugs.

The drug is taken in 1 spoonful of liquid (1 drop contains 500 IU of colecalciferol).

In order to prevent full-term newborns from 4 weeks of life to 2-3 years, with proper care and sufficient exposure to fresh air, the drug is prescribed at a dose of 500-1000 IU (1-2 drops) per day.

Premature babies from 4 weeks of age, twins and children living in adverse conditions are prescribed 1000-1500 IU (2-3 drops) per day.

In the summer, the dose can be reduced to 500 IU (1 drop) per day.

Pregnant women are prescribed 500 IU (1 drop) per day throughout pregnancy, or 1000 IU per day, starting from the 28th week of pregnancy.

In the postmenopausal period, 500-1000 IU (1-2 drops) are prescribed per day.

For the purpose of treatment for rickets, the drug is prescribed daily at a dose of 2000-5000 IU (4-10 drops) per day for 4-6 weeks, depending on the severity of rickets (I, II or III) and the course of the disease. In this case, the patient's clinical condition and biochemical parameters (calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity in the blood and urine) should be monitored. The initial dose is 2000 IU per day for 3-5 days, then, with good tolerance, the dose is increased to individual treatment (usually up to 3000 IU per day). A dose of 5000 IU per day is prescribed only for severe bone changes. If necessary, after a 1-week break, the course of treatment can be repeated.

Treatment should be continued until a clear therapeutic effect is obtained, followed by a transition to a prophylactic dose of 500-1500 IU per day.

In the treatment of rickets-like diseases, 20,000-30,000 IU (40-60 drops) are prescribed per day, depending on age, body weight and severity of the disease, under the control of blood biochemical parameters and urinalysis. The course of treatment is 4-6 weeks.

In the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (as part of complex therapy), 500-1000 IU (1-2 drops) per day are prescribed.

Side effect

Symptoms of hypervitaminosis D: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting; headache, muscle and joint pain; constipation; dry mouth; polyuria; weakness; mental disorder, incl. depression; weight loss; sleep disturbance; temperature rise; protein, leukocytes, hyaline cylinders appear in the urine; an increase in the level of calcium in the blood and its excretion in the urine; possible calcification of the kidneys, blood vessels, lungs. If signs of hypervitaminosis D appear, it is necessary to cancel the drug, limit the intake of calcium, prescribe vitamins A, C and B.

Other: hypersensitivity reactions are possible.

Contraindications to the use of AQUADETRIM®

• hypervitaminosis D;
• hypercalcemia;
• hypercalciuria;
• urolithiasis (formation of calcium oxalate stones in the kidneys);
• sarcoidosis;
• acute and chronic kidney disease;
• kidney failure;
• active form of pulmonary tuberculosis;
• children's age up to 4 weeks;
• hypersensitivity to vitamin D3 and other components of the drug (especially benzyl alcohol).

The drug should be used with caution in patients in a state of immobilization; when taking thiazides, cardiac glycosides; during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding); in infants with a predisposition to early overgrowth of fontanelles (when small sizes of the anterior crown are established from birth).

Use of AQUADETRIM® during pregnancy and breastfeeding

During pregnancy, Aquadetrim should not be used in high doses due to the possibility of a teratogenic effect in case of an overdose.

Caution should be given to Aquadetrim® during lactation, because. when using the drug in high doses in a nursing mother, symptoms of an overdose in a child may develop.

During pregnancy and during breastfeeding, the dose of vitamin D3 should not exceed 600 IU per day.

Application for violations of liver function

Colecalciferol is metabolized in the liver and kidneys.

Application for violations of kidney function

In case of impaired renal function, T1 / 2 may increase. Contraindicated in acute and chronic diseases kidneys; with renal failure.

Use in children

Children under 4 weeks of age are contraindicated.

special instructions

When prescribing the drug, it is necessary to take into account all possible sources of vitamin D.

The use of the drug for therapeutic purposes in children should be carried out under close medical supervision and adjust the dosage regimen during periodic examinations, especially in the first months of life.

Long-term use of Aquadetrim in high doses or use of the drug in loading doses can lead to chronic hypervitaminosis D3.

Do not use Aquadetrim® and high doses of calcium at the same time.

Control of laboratory parameters

When using the drug for medicinal purposes, it is necessary to control the level of calcium in the blood and urine.

Overdose

Symptoms: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, anxiety, thirst, polyuria, diarrhea, intestinal colic. Frequent symptoms are headache, muscle and joint pain, depression, mental disorders, ataxia, stupor, progressive weight loss. Renal dysfunction develops with albuminuria, erythrocyturia and polyuria, increased loss of potassium, hypostenuria, nocturia and increased blood pressure.

In severe cases, clouding of the cornea is possible, less often - swelling of the papilla of the optic nerve, inflammation of the iris up to the development of cataracts. Perhaps the formation of kidney stones, calcification of soft tissues, incl. blood vessels, heart, lungs, skin.

Rarely develops cholestatic jaundice.

Treatment: drug withdrawal. Assign a large amount of liquid. Hospitalization may be required if necessary.

drug interaction

With the simultaneous use of Aquadetrim with antiepileptic drugs, rifampicin, cholestyramine, the absorption of cholecalciferol is reduced.

With the simultaneous use of Aquadetrim and thiazide diuretics, the risk of developing hypercalcemia increases.

Simultaneous use of Akvadetrim with cardiac glycosides may enhance their toxic effect (increased risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias).

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies

The drug is approved for use as a means of OTC.

Terms and conditions of storage

The drug should be stored out of the reach of children, protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Shelf life - 3 years.

It has long been known that for the proper functioning of the human body, quite a lot of vitamins and minerals are needed. Lack of any of these elements can be detrimental to health. Many parents are familiar with one of these substances. it vitamin D3, which is often prescribed to children from the first days of life.

However, adults also need it. Let's see why the role of this vitamin is so great.

What is vitamin D3 for?

First of all, it is of great importance for formation of the skeletal system person. Vitamin D3, which is better known in scientific circles as cholecalciferol, allows calcium and magnesium to be well absorbed by the body. But these minerals are necessary for bones, teeth and nails. In addition, the same substance performs other, no less significant functions:

• stimulates and improves the functioning of the immune system;
• prevents heart and skin diseases;
• prevents the emergence and development of malignant tumors;
• regulates the level of blood clotting;
• has a positive effect on the functioning of the thyroid gland, helping to avoid diseases associated with it;
• normalizes blood pressure and heartbeat.

In ancient times, when no one knew about pills and drops, people were often treated with fish oil. He helped to cope with both common colds and more complex diseases.

For example, rickets was a real scourge, especially in those regions where winters are long and summers are short. This disease often affects infants, who especially need sufficient mineral absorption for proper skeletal formation. With the development of medicine and various researches cholecalciferol became a mandatory supplement, which was given to babies from birth until at least three years of age.

Of course, this substance enters the body not only in the form of a finished product, but also as part of some natural foods:

• liver;
• egg yolks;
• dairy;
• oily fish;
• fish caviar;
• corn oil;
• some mushrooms.

But the amount of vitamin obtained from food is extremely small. The main share is produced by the body itself, subject to exposure to ultraviolet rays. Simply put, it happens when the sun hits a person's skin. The problem is that many regions of our country have very long winters. During this period, daylight hours are very short, so the production of cholecalciferol is very weak. So in winter, the issue of replenishing it with the help of pharmacy products is especially relevant. In such conditions, only they are able to provide the body with a sufficient amount of vitamin D3.

Instructions for use

The human body has a need for a certain amount of each vitamin. In the case of D3 daily rate is:

• for children from birth to one year - 400 IU;
• for children older than one year of age and for adults - 600 IU;
• for the elderly aged 71 years and older - 800 IU.

As a rule, the drug is recommended for adults and the elderly only if indicated. But children and pregnant women are often prescribed vitamin D3 for prevention.

Why do women in position need it? During pregnancy, the body of the expectant mother often experiences a lack of calcium. While the skeleton and various body systems are being formed in an unborn baby, all the internal resources of a woman are thrown into this most important matter. Therefore, in the end, the mother herself often lacks what remains of them. It is not uncommon for pregnant women to begin to break down their teeth, lose their hair, hurt their joints, and their overall health deteriorates. Often this is due precisely to the lack of minerals, and vitamin D3 is needed for their absorption.

For children who have already been born, it also plays a crucial role, because they have a difficult growth and development process. Therefore, from their very birth, pediatricians immediately recommend giving prophylactic doses vitamin D3. Drops are the optimal form of delivery in this case. The correct daily dosage for an infant can only be calculated by a doctor, so you should strictly follow his recommendations.

However, it is better for an adult not to prescribe drugs on his own, but to consult a doctor for advice. Otherwise, it is quite possible the occurrence of an overdose of the drug which is fraught with health problems.

Overdose symptoms

Too much cholecalciferol in the body can cause great harm to a person. Vitamin D cannot be excreted naturally from the body. The entire excess of the substance is put into operation by the body, as a result of which there is a supersaturation with phosphorus and calcium. And too much calcium provokes urolithiasis, bowel problems and even heart attacks.

Therefore, when taking cholecalciferol, you need to carefully monitor your health. The following symptoms should be of particular concern in adults:

• nausea;
• constipation;
• pain in the abdomen;
• headache and joint pain;
• sweating;
• tremor of hands and feet;
• anemia.

Children may also experience:

• lethargy;
• vomiting;
• constant thirst;
• developmental delay.

Symptoms are unpleasant in themselves, not to mention the diseases they are harbingers of. Therefore, we recall once again that the intake of cholecalciferol must be agreed with the doctor. And if you have any form of this drug in the house, you should hide it from small children.

Vitamin D deficiency symptoms

Hypovitaminosis no less dangerous than an overdose. Especially when it comes to such an important substance as D3. The result of its constant shortage can be weak immunity poorly developed muscles hypocalcemia and many other health problems.

This is especially true for certain categories of people:

• pregnant and lactating women;
• people with a nocturnal lifestyle;
• living in the northern regions;
• having chronic diseases of the liver, kidneys and digestive system;
• the elderly.

If you belong to a risk group, then you need to monitor the appearance of the following symptoms:

• poor appetite and weight loss;
• constant fatigue;
• difficulty falling asleep;
• frequent bone fractures;
• cramps in the arms and legs;
• muscle fatigue.

All of them speak of a clear lack of cholecalciferol. If these symptoms occur, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

How to give vitamin D to a baby

After the intake of cholecalciferol is agreed with the doctor, the question often arises of how to give it to an infant. Actually, it's easy. For babies, vitamin D3 is available in the form of drops. It can be added to baby food or given with a spoon. It is strictly forbidden to drip the drug directly into the mouth. In this case, it is difficult to track the exact amount of D3 that has entered the child. So, this situation is fraught with an overdose or lack of a vitamin. Therefore, the required dose is first measured, and only then it is given to the baby.

Forms of release for adults

Some time ago, vitamin D was exclusively in the form of fish oil hated by everyone. Fortunately, cholecalciferol now has many forms of release, but two of them are the most popular.

1. Oil and water solutions. The latter is absorbed faster and better by the body, but recently there has been a lot of debate about oil. Some doctors believe that it is toxic and has very little effect. Nevertheless, both types of solution are successfully used for the treatment and prevention of D3 deficiency. Of the minuses, one can name a sweetish taste, which not everyone likes.
2. Vitamin D3 in capsules. This is perhaps the most convenient form of application for adults. It is more convenient to follow the dosage with capsules than with drops. In addition, they have no taste, and all you need to take them is a glass of water.

Over time, the drug and its analogues gained the greatest popularity: Viganol, Complivit, Minisan. They are sold in any pharmacy without a prescription, their price is quite affordable, and the effect is time-tested and many studies. Also among noteworthy analogues there is a drug. The composition of this complex includes not only vitamin D, but also calcium. This drug is available in the form of chewable tablets with quite good taste.

Side effects

Like any other remedy, vitamin D sometimes causes a number of side effects.

1. On the part of the psyche: irritability, mental disorders, apathy, mood swings and depression, migraines.
2. From the gastrointestinal tract: nausea and vomiting, constant thirst, constipation or diarrhea, sudden weight loss.
3. From the side of the cardiovascular system: palpitations, increased blood pressure, disorders of the heart.

Muscle weakness, nephropathy, polyuria, myalgia, and soft tissue calcification may also occur.

Contraindications

As a rule, when using the drug in strict accordance with the indicated dosage side effects do not appear. But there is a number of contraindications in which the use of vitamin D3 is completely prohibited:

• hypersensitivity to the drug;
• hypercalcemia;
• hypercalciuria;
• hypervitaminosis;
• intolerance to benzyl alcohol;
• kidney disease;
• active tuberculosis.

It should also be noted that with prolonged use of cholecalciferol by an infant, it is possible growth retardation. Elderly people should also use the drug with caution due to the usual presence of various diseases.

However, if there are contraindications, do not despair. You just need to increase intake of vitamin D from other external sources. First of all, daily walks lasting at least half an hour should be included in the daily routine. And consume more products from the list that we gave at the beginning of the article. In this case, the lack of vitamin D can be compensated or at least minimized.