At schools there is a preparation for school. How to prepare a child for school: tips for parents. It will be useful for the development of memory

Opinions about how to properly prepare a future student for training sessions at home differ among parents. Some are sure that the last summer before lessons should be spent exclusively in relaxation, others load their child as much as possible so that in the future it does not lag behind classmates. Only later it turns out that some children become “retrained” and are bored in the classroom, others are great at counting and reading, but lose things and do not orient themselves at all in the building of the educational institution, still others read English well, but have difficulty learning their own language or discomfort in communication. The list is endless, primary school teachers have many similar stories. How to find the golden mean so that the baby will open a new stage in his life with interest?

Psychological readiness of the child for the school process

Psychological preparation for the school process of kids is the most important. It is of tremendous importance, regardless of what type of educational institution was chosen:

1. Improving communication skills with other children, accepting oneself in the social position of the student. The acquired experience reflects his personal maturity. Psychologists recommend entrusting this mission to professionals working in centers for preparing children for the school process. The sooner parents turn to them, the more effective the result will be.
2. The kid must understand that when faced with difficulties, parents and a teacher will always be next to him, ready to help. Together we can tackle any challenge. Volitional maturity in the process of preparing a baby is determined by his readiness for self-expression, the fulfillment of educational requirements.
3. Intellectual maturity is very important for a child. It is determined by a quantitative vocabulary of words, knowledge about the world around us, the ability to analyze and build a logical chain. A prepared child is able to express his thoughts, carry out the tasks of teachers, freely communicate on topics familiar to him.

Skills and abilities that a future student should master

Below is a list of general requirements that every kid who has to cross the school threshold should cope with:

• your full name, your birthday and your home address;
• know letters, navigate vowels and consonants, read short texts (at least by syllables);
• know the differences between the seasons, be able to describe them (the vocabulary is determined);
• navigate the time of day;
• name the basic geometric shapes and be able to depict them;
• memorize short texts, be able to retell it (diction, memory are determined).

School preparation should also include the following skills:

• correct behavior in public places;
• self-care without the help of adults, putting things in order at the workplace;
• a description of what is shown in the picture;
• counts up to 20;
• names of color shades;
• answers to the questions: “who?”, “when?”, why?”;
• a quiet pastime in the lesson for 20-25 minutes;
• differences in the direction of "up", "down", "right", "left".

Preparing for the school program with a teacher

If it was decided to study in a specialized center for preschoolers, then parents in choosing an organization need to pay attention to the following points:

1. The experience of teachers who are involved in working with kids. Does the development center have a license to conduct educational activities. The number of students in the class, the interior of the room, the availability of auxiliary educational material.
2. What programs and whether the system of conducting training sessions has been developed, what subject is emphasized, how long the lessons last, whether the teacher uses an individual approach to each student - these questions should be of interest in the first place. If the center for the preparation of children has a narrow specialization, it is worth considering whether this is necessary.
3. The presence of classes that are aimed at developing the creative abilities of the baby. Such lessons are an obligatory part of the preparation.
4. Pay attention to the general atmosphere in the classroom: whether the children are interested in learning, whether they feel inspired and want to learn more.

Preparing for the school program at home

Of course, competent specialists in the field of pedagogy will quickly and professionally cope with all the above requirements. But what about those parents who independently deal with the baby and carry out his preparation for school? What to look for:

1. A prepared future student must know all the letters in the alphabet. Then you should gradually move on to reading by syllables. It will be much easier for a child in school classes if he masters reading in advance. The acquired skill will be reflected in the correct sequence of writing letters. By the way, you should start writing in block letters, so the child will quickly master the letter. Hand training should be regular.
2. Development of speech and diction. Invite your child, after watching a cartoon or a scientific children's program, to retell what they heard and saw. Do not neglect his opinion, teach him to express his thoughts without hesitation. The kid needs frequent communication, he asks numerous questions that at first glance may seem silly to parents, but do not neglect the answers to them.
3. The ability to count is an important skill that many children should acquire by the first grade. Start by counting the plates on the table, the fingers, the number of books on the shelf, and so on. Then you can buy counting sticks or continue to develop abilities with colored pencils. An ordinary walk can be turned into an exciting activity. You can count puddles or trees, name the colors of the leaves and the size (large/small) of the animals that you meet on the way, distinguish between inanimate/animate objects.
4. The intellectual development of children cannot be imagined without creativity. To improve fine motor skills of the hands, you can create all kinds of crafts. On the Internet you can find a huge number of master classes for every taste. Sculpting from clay and plasticine, working with scissors, paints and brushes also helps your child learn to write.
5. Before you go to first grade, the baby must learn the rules of behavior, independence and safety indoors and outdoors. Wake up and go to rest at a certain time, do homework daily, do sports exercises for 30-40 minutes. Parents need to learn to let their children go. Let it be almost independent walks in the yard, when mom or dad is watching their baby from the side, trying not to interfere in the conversations that arise between children, especially in the case of a small conflict. It is important for parents not to get angry and not express their irritation if something does not work out for the future student. Each baby is unique and has its own rate of development.

It is easier and more fun for a child who is properly prepared for the school program to be in class and take direct part in it. Parental support, friendships with other students, professionalism of the teacher and the correct organization of the curriculum, applied at home or in specialized institutions - all this will help the child prepare for classes in an educational institution.

Preparing children for school is the foundation for future success. This is a crucial period in the life of not only the child, but every parent. Primary school is a turning point in the development of a small personality. The mode and rhythm of life changes, responsibility for one's actions appears, small, but the first duties. All this in general causes stress in the child, and how he copes with it depends largely on proper preparation. Coral Family specialists know how to organize an unforgettable family vacation and help them get ready for school.

What does school readiness mean?

Preparing a child for school consists of three components:

Social - the ability to adapt in society;
. intellectual - basic reading, writing, counting skills;
. emotional - the readiness of the child to be independent and responsible.

In most cases, only the intellectual component is tested. Communication skill, as well as emotional readiness, remain “overboard”. However, psychologists do not get tired of repeating that it is the social "maturity" of a preschooler that promises him success in learning. In order for children to successfully “gnaw at the granite of science”, they must be emotionally comfortable at school.

The main goal of elementary school is to teach children to count, write and read. A logical question arises: why then teach the child all this before the 1st grade? As educators say, basic skills are the necessary basis for their successful mastery. It is no secret that different children need different time to memorize the same material. The school curriculum is aimed at the intermediate level. In order for all children to fit into a given pace, preschool preparation is necessary.

The next component is the child's ability to communicate, express his thoughts, and communicate with society. Psychologists put such training in the first place. A kid who can write and read, but does not adapt well in a team, will always be a black sheep. That is why it is important that children visit kindergartens, development centers or clubs before school. Only being in a team, the child learns to build relationships and acquires the necessary communication skills.

How can parents prepare their child for school?

Many parents are concerned about the question: is it possible to prepare a child for school on their own? Psychologists and teachers do not give an unambiguous answer, because there are many examples of successful children who were educated at home. However, there are big risks in developing a communication skill. It is not worth abandoning kindergarten or preschool completely. Even parents with the necessary pedagogical skills will not be able to replace the child's communication with peers.

If the baby for some reason does not attend kindergarten, preparation must be organized at home and additionally attend special courses. Psychologists advise to pour the child into the team as early as possible. Ideally from 3-4 years old. To begin with, it can be various creative circles, a little later - developmental groups for preschoolers. The cost of the courses depends on the saturation of the training program. Basic intellectual skills help develop individual lessons with a tutor. With the help of computer technology, they can be carried out online.

homework

1. Learning is like a game. Teachers and psychologists recommend starting the first classes in a playful way. You do not need to immediately put the child behind a notebook or a book. Start counting while walking or playing: “let's count the cubes”, “let's find out how many crows are sitting on the tree”, and so on. It is also advisable to start learning letters in familiar everyday situations, for example, while going to the store. The task of parents is to interest the child in the learning process.
2. Mini lessons. The first lessons should last no more than 15 minutes.
3. The gingerbread method. You need to praise the child not only for the correct answers, but also for the desire to learn. Encourage and motivate the craving for knowledge with pleasant bonuses: "Let's read now and then watch a cartoon." Never scold or punish your child if he refuses to read or if something does not work out for him.
4. Change of activity. It is important to remember that children have an extremely mobile psyche. It is difficult for them to sit still for 15-20 minutes, not to mention that it is not useful either. Alternate reading or writing with active games, physical activity, math with drawing, etc.
5. Repetition is the mother of learning. Do not move on to new material until the child has mastered the previous one. After starting new “lessons”, return to what you have learned. Practice repetition not only during the lessons. For example, while walking, ask your child to remember the multiplication table.
6. Use practice sessions. Children do not learn material well in theory, so everything new is reinforced by practice and visualization. Choose books with bright illustrations, use practical material.
7. Modern school. Select educational material in accordance with the current school curriculum.

Math lessons

Counting and elementary mathematical actions develop the thinking and logic of children. Be sure to practice math lessons at home. Here are some tips for organizing such training:
. Start counting familiar objects in a playful way: sweets, fruits, toys. Gradually switch to special cards and counting sticks.
. Learn addition and subtraction using objects as examples: 5 apples + 1 = 6 apples, 2 candies - 1 candy = 1 candy. Mandatory visualization.
. Learn geometry objects on the example of familiar objects and while drawing them.
. Turn the examples into a fun game.

writing lessons

At school, children write a lot, so it is important to prepare the baby's hand for stress.
. Start your writing lessons with 5-minute sessions, gradually increasing the time to 15-20 minutes.
. Train your brush by drawing objects first according to a template, then on your own.
. Develop fine motor skills from the age of 2: modeling from plasticine, soft dough, sorting through cereals, cutting along the contour.
. Start learning to write with capital letters.
. Do finger exercises.

Reading lessons

The study of letters and reading is the basis for the formation of a child's vocabulary, the ability to communicate. Only then can you move on to studying other subjects when the baby learns to read.
. Start reading by studying the letters of the alphabet: show the letters on the signs, sculpt them from plasticine, draw.
. Create associations with letters, use comparison: D - house, O - window.
. Reinforce the learning of a letter by looking for it.
. Teach your child to retell the read text, repeat the words of the characters, train the memory.

Creativity lessons

If the child does not attend creative circles, it is necessary to be creative at home every day.
. Teach how to use paints, pencils, felt-tip pens, crayons correctly.
. Buy coloring books.
. Practice drawing, sculpting, appliqué.
. Learn how to prepare the workplace and then clean it up.

Tell him what priorities he will receive as a schoolboy: he will communicate with children, become independent, be an "adult" and so on.
. Talk to your child about school years, remember your teachers, read school stories. The child must understand that education is an obligatory stage in his life.
. Be interested in the opinion of your son or daughter, let them defend their point of view.
. Play "School", play different moments: speaking in front of the blackboard, telling a verse, let the child be in the role of a teacher.
. Teach from an early age all the things you start to bring to the end.
. Teach self-reliance in actions and decisions.
. Simulate conflict situations and find solutions together.

You can check how a child is psychologically and intellectually ready for school using special pedagogical techniques. They are used when testing preschoolers during an interview. See the video for an example of such a test.

To school, like a holiday

A child will be happy to go to first grade if he is not only prepared, but also set up. Parents often make mistakes, after which children face disappointment and loss of interest in learning. How to avoid this, Coral Family specialists have prepared a scheme.

What not to do?

1. It is not necessary to prepare the child for school in the last summer. Don't form negative associations with the learning process before it even starts.
2. Don't promise that school will be the best period of your life. Let the kid decide.
3. Don't convey your excitement. The child reads the anxiety and emotional state of the parents.
4. Do not let the preparation process take its course. Check and monitor readiness, even when the child attended kindergarten or preparatory courses.

What to do?

1. Raise the status of the child. Make the event joyful and positive. Congratulations on the new stage of life.
2. Have a school shopping spree. Go to the store with your child and buy everything you need for school. Let him choose his satchel or pencil case.
3. Get used to the new routine 2-3 weeks before the start of the school year. Wake up and put the child to bed gradually reducing the time by 5-10 minutes from the usual schedule.
4. We pronounce the responsibilities that the child will face at school. Doing homework or attending an extension should not come as a surprise.
5. Strengthen immunity. Fresh air, exercise, active games and vitamins are the best companions of a future student. Start preparing the body 1.5 months before September 1.

1. Motivate Learning. Children lose interest in school after about a month: the peak of activity passes, the period of adaptation ends, fatigue appears. An interesting vacation is an effective motivation. For example, instead of the first lesson, go to drink hot chocolate or take you to an amusement park on the weekend. As a result, the student is again satisfied and skips to school.
2. Allow me sometimes not to go to school. Children, like adults, need a break. 2-3 days of an extraordinary day off will not change the academic performance, but the school will not be an “unbearable burden”. Spend a day off together for a useful and interesting activity (going to the theater, circus, park). This will be much more useful than the kid in the classroom will come up with a version of how to “cantorize”.
3. Take an interest in your child's school life. Go to class more often, do homework together. Build trust.
4. Do not overload with extra activities. In the first six months of school, a first-grader should not attend additional circles and sections, except for sports.
5. Do not scold for the first bad marks. Support the student in his endeavors and do not put good grades as the primary goal of learning.
6. Help to catch up with the "excellent students". Do not drive a child into the status of a “three-year-old” from the first grades. If something does not work out, pay more attention to the subject, ask a teacher or tutor for help.
7. Reduce school stress. Do not burden your child with household chores and responsibilities, at least in the first months of study. Do not scold if he forgot to wash the dishes after himself.
8. Time relax. The break between classes should be two hours. However, this is not the time for personal reading or computer games. Rest time the student should spend in the fresh air for active games.
9. Proper sleep and proper nutrition. Mode is the basis of learning. Do not force your child to sit at lessons beyond the norm, even if he did not have time to do something. Learning should not be prioritized over sleep.
10. Communication in a team. Allow your child to stay with classmates after school. Invite children home if possible. Communication with peers is necessary for the development and formation of the student's personality. If the child has no friends and does not communicate with anyone, there is a reason to sign up for a psychologist.

Parents of future first graders will find answers to the following questions:

What does the concept of “child readiness for school” mean?

What should a child know and be able to enter the school.

How to prepare your child for school.

Do I need to teach my child to read before starting school?

With the help of the proposed test “Is the child ready to go to school”, parents will be able to determine the level of readiness for school of their child. The content of the questions that you answered in the negative will tell you the topics for further studies with the future student.

Download:

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How to prepare your child for school?

Previously, a child with a certain amount of knowledge was considered ready for school. Now psychologists and educators say that knowledge is not a goal, but a means of a child's development.

The main thing is not knowledge itself, but the ability to use it, independently obtain it, analyze it.

So The most important element in preparing a child for school is the formation of the ability to learn.Teach your child to consciously subordinate his actions to a general rule (for example, read a book while sitting, keeping a distance of 25-30 cm from the eyes to the book), listen carefully to the speaker and accurately complete this task, show independence, initiative, creativity in any kind of activity.

Expand and deepen your child's understanding of the world.If you do not dismiss the questions that arise in the child, do not fence him off from the surrounding adult life, preparation for school will go naturally and without tension.

Develop the oral speech of the future student.Read children's literature to your child as often as possible; talk with him about the works you read; more often ask your child to retell a fairy tale he just heard or tell about what he saw interesting during a walk.

Turn everyday requests into developmental tasks more often. For example, for a better orientation of a child in space, the following tasks are effective:

— Give me, please, a cup, which is to the right of the plate.

— Find the third book on the top shelf, counting from right to left.

— Say what is in the room behind the chest of drawers, between the chair and the sofa, behind the TV.

Develop fine motor skillsusing modeling, drawing, shading, designing from various parts

lei. The better the hand is developed, the easier it is for the child to learn to write, the faster his intellect develops.

Teach the future first grader to the school regime- Go to bed early and wake up early. Instill in him the habit of observing elementary sanitary and hygienic skills: use a public toilet; wash hands before eating, etc. Teach him to dress himself, fold his things neatly, and keep order.

Encourage your child to have a positive attitude towards school. Try to create a "romantic environment" around school life, where there will be new friends, a wise teacher and a whole range of new experiences and emotions.

Never bully your child with school:“Here you go to school, they will quickly bring you up!”

In order for the child to have the feeling that he is entering a new phase of life, radically change his life: rearrange the child’s room, come up with new household chores for him, etc.

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Should children be taught to read before starting school?

NECESSARY! The earlier a child begins to read, the more he likes to do it and the better he copes with reading.

Scientists give a number of reasons why a child should be taught to read, starting not even from preschool age, but from early childhood:

1. Children are hyperactive, inquisitive. If a child of 3-7 years old is given the opportunity to quench his thirst for knowledge, hyperactivity will decrease, which will protect him from injury and allow him to study the world around him more successfully.

2. Almost all children aged “two to five” have unique abilities, including the ability to absorb knowledge. Everyone knows the ease with which young children memorize new and sometimes even incomprehensible information.

3. Having learned to read at an early age, the child will be able to master much more information,than those of his peers who were deprived of such an opportunity. If he learned to read early, then in the 1st grade he will be able to do the material that is usually given to children aged 8-12.

4. Children who learn to read early have a much better ability to understand.By the time they enter school, they no longer read by syllables, not understanding the meaning of what they read, but expressively, in whole words.

5. The child who learned to read early loves to read.Many parents think that children who can already read will be bored in 1st grade. To say that the more children know, the more bored they will be, is the same as to say that children who know nothing will be interested in everything and forget about boredom. If the class is not interesting, then everyone will be bored. If it is interesting, then only those who are not able to understand anything will get bored.

And one more curious fact: when a child is taught to read at home, success is one hundred percent, regardless of the method used.

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Test "Is the child ready to go to school?"

School psychologists have developed special methods to determine the level of readiness of the child for school.

Try to answer ("yes" or "no") to the questions of this test. It will help you understand if your child is ready for school.

1. Is your child able to do something on his own that requires 25-30 minutes of concentration (like jigsaw puzzles)?

2. Does your child say that he wants to go to school because there he will learn a lot of new and interesting things, will find new friends?

3. Can your child independently compose a story from the picture, including at least 5 sentences?

4. Does your child know a few poems by heart?

5. Is it true that your child behaves at ease in the presence of strangers, is not shy?

6. Does your child know how to change a noun by numbers (for example: frame - frames, ear - ears, man - people, child - children)!

9. Can your child solve addition and subtraction problems within ten?

10. Can your child solve problems for finding the sum or difference (for example: “There are 3 apples and 2 pears in a vase. How many fruits are in the vase?”; “There were 10 sweets in the vase. 3 sweets were eaten. How many are left?”)?

11. Can your child repeat the sentence exactly (for example:"Bunny, jump on a stump!")?

12. Does your child like to color pictures, draw, sculpt from plasticine?

13. Does your child know how to use scissors and glue (for example, to make an application)?

14. Can your child generalize concepts (for example, name in one word (namely: furniture) table, sofa, chair, armchair)?

15. Can your child compare two objects, that is, name the similarities and differences between them (for example, a pen and a pencil, a tree and a bush)?

16. Does your child know the names of the seasons, months, days of the week, their sequence?

17. Can your child understand and follow verbal instructions accurately?

Evaluation of the result.

15 - 17 questions, you can assume thatyour child is quite ready for school.You did not study with him in vain, and school difficulties, if they arise, will be easily overcome.

If you answered yes to 10 - 14 questions, so your child has learned a lot.The content of the questions to which you answered in the negative will tell you the topics for further studies.

If you answered yes to9 (or less) questions,so you should, firstly,read special literature Secondly, try to devote more time to activities with the child, third, seek help from specialists.

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What should a child know and be able to enter school?

We offer an approximate list of knowledge and skills of the future first grader.

The child must know:

Your name, patronymic, surname;

Your age and date of birth;

Your home address and phone number;

The name of your city, its main attractions;

The name of the country in which he lives;

Surnames, names, patronymics of parents, their professions;

Names of the seasons and months (their sequence, the main signs of each season, riddles and poems about the seasons);

Names of domestic animals and their cubs;

Names of some wild animals and their cubs;

Names of wintering and migratory birds;

Names of vegetables, fruits and berries;

Names of means of transport: land, water, air.

The child must be able to:

Distinguish between clothing, shoes and hats;

Retell Russian folk tales;

Distinguish and correctly name planar geometric shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, oval;

Freely navigate in space and on a sheet of paper (right-left side, top-bottom, etc.);

Completely and consistently retell the listened or read story, compose (invent) a story from the picture;

Remember and name 6-10 objects, words;

Distinguish between vowels and consonants;

Divide words into syllables with the help of claps, steps, by the number of vowels;

Determine the number and sequence of sounds in words like poppy, house, whale;

It is good to use scissors (cut out strips, squares, circles, rectangles from paper, cut along the contour of the figure);

Own a pencil: draw vertical and horizontal lines without a ruler; - draw geometric shapes; carefully paint over, hatch, without going beyond the contours of objects;

listen carefully, without being distracted (30-35 minutes);

Maintain a straight, good posture, especially when sitting.

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What does the concept of “child readiness for school” mean?

Child psychologists identify several criteria for a child's readiness for school.

Physical readiness.Studying at school is associated with great physical and psychological stress. Filling out a child's medical record before entering school, you can easily navigate this issue and get advice from specialist doctors. If your child has serious health problems and you are recommended special forms of education or a special school, do not neglect the advice of doctors.

Intellectual readiness.It includes the knowledge base of the child, the presence of special skills and abilities (the ability to compare, generalize, reproduce a given sample; the development of fine motor skills; concentration of attention, etc.). Intellectual readiness is not only the ability to read and write, but also the development of speech (the ability to answer a question, ask a question, retell the text), the ability to reason and think logically.

social readiness.This is the child's need to communicate with peers and the ability to subordinate their behavior to the laws of children's groups, as well as the ability to play the role of a student in a school situation.

Psychological readiness.From this point of view, a child is ready for schooling, whom the school attracts not only with its external side (a wonderful satchel, beautiful student uniform), but also with the opportunity to acquire new knowledge and skills. A child ready for school wants to learn both because he wants to take a certain position in society, which opens access to the world of adults, and because he has a cognitive need that he cannot satisfy at home.

Teaching your child the skills they need for school is a very careful and gradual process. In principle, the most common and easiest developmental tasks can and should be given from the age of three, very slowly increasing the complexity of the tasks. Make sure that exercises and games are appropriate not only for age, but also for the individual characteristics of your child. Perhaps at 3 years old he will click tasks like nuts, or perhaps he will need help. Do not be afraid, help the baby and patiently select the desired level of tasks. It is very important in this difficult period not to discourage the craving for knowledge! Therefore, be sure to praise him for his efforts and for well-executed exercises.

Do not worry if you decided to start preparing for school only at the age of 5. The development of a child at this age already allows you to prepare for school at a more intense and faster pace. But, again, watch how the baby reacts to such loads. If the training has dragged on to 6 years, and next year you are going to send him to school, then it is best to send him to specialized training courses. Teachers and psychologists will be able to cope with this task in the shortest possible time and will give you recommendations for home schooling. Such courses exist on the basis of many schools, so when planning to send your child to school, you can ask if they conduct preparatory courses there. So the kid will get used to the school environment and learn the knowledge that he will need in the first grade of this particular school.

How often do you need to practice?

Classes should be held daily. Of course, these should not be school loads of 5-6 hours a day, but small meaningful lessons of 15-20 minutes. Gradually increase the duration to 35-40 minutes, watching the child's fatigue. If he no longer has the strength to do the exercise, take a break and give the task a little easier. It is useful to use an hourglass in the classroom (or a regular one, if the kid already knows how to navigate in them) so that he learns to feel the time and adjust the pace of his work in accordance with it.

Be sure to make a lesson plan and try to stick to it, adjusting the topics as needed. Each lesson should begin with a repetition of the previous material, exercises and games should not be constantly of the same type, try to diversify them. Choose colorful stimulus material to captivate the child.

What subjects should be included in the program?

Mathematics. It is necessary to teach the baby to count from 0 to 10 and from 10 to 0. It is desirable to bring the count in direct order to 100. The child should be able to solve simple arithmetic problems, add and subtract numbers within 10, navigate in terms of more / less. The account is also necessary in matters of general development: the child must know how many seasons, months, days of the week, times of the day there are.

Geometry and drawing. You need to know the names of the main geometric shapes and be able to depict them. In addition, the baby should easily navigate in space and on a piece of paper: where is the left, where is the right, where is the upper right corner on the sheet, etc. Graphic dictations and copying a picture by cells should become an obligatory part of the program in this section.

Russian language. This subject includes many of the most important aspects of development: writing, speaking and reading. For school, you need to know the alphabet, distinguish between letters and sounds, distinguish between vowels and consonants, be able to distinguish syllables in a word, be able to write in block letters. It is desirable at this age to compose a harmonious story from the picture and know by heart a few simple poems.

Natural history and the environment. This is a section of the most general information in which the baby should:

• Know colors and examples for them;
• Know the names of animals and plants;
• Distinguish living from non-living and their representatives from each other .;
• Know the names of the main professions, sports, musical instruments, building tools, utensils, furniture, etc.;
• Know the dates and names of major holidays.

Logics. By the age of 6, it is necessary to navigate in the signs of objects, to distinguish and compare objects by them, to find something superfluous in a group of objects.

Motility. By school, the kid should be able to use his own hands: hold a pen and pencil firmly, be able to clearly depict what he has planned, be able to work with small objects (drawing, modeling, picking up designers).

There is another row general issues, which the baby must know when entering the first grade:

• Full name of your own and parents;
• Your address (including country and city);
• Day and month of your birth.

Thus, by collecting the necessary materials in advance and building an individual training program, you can independently prepare the baby for admission to the first grade. But training courses based on the future school will never be superfluous.

A few decades ago, children went to schools with a minimum knowledge base, which was given in kindergarten. In the first grade, children gradually began to get acquainted with letters and numbers. The modern school curriculum is quite complex, today's children must come to school with a certain amount of knowledge. A first grader can usually read, write a little in block letters, add and subtract numbers up to 10. How come? Why is the teaching load increasing every year? Most likely, this is a trend of the times. Even 50 years ago, people studied at the institute and technical school, received education and worked in the profession all their lives. The current market puts modern professionals in more stringent conditions. Today, in order to stay afloat, you need to constantly learn, improve, develop. Therefore, at school, the program becomes more difficult, increased requirements arise even for first-graders.

Preparation for school is a multifaceted process that includes skills in various subjects - reading, counting, writing. The kid should be able to engage in various types of creativity - this is drawing with paints and pencils, modeling, appliqué. The child must know colors, shapes, seasons and many, many other interesting things. And also, the future first grader must be socially adapted - this means that the child must be able to communicate with peers and adults, not be afraid of them. In this article, we will talk about the multifaceted preparation of a preschooler for the first grade, which will allow you to fill in the gaps in the learning and emotional state of the baby.

What should future first graders know?

Some parents make a big mistake when they think about preparing for school only in the summer, three months before the start of school. As a rule, this is accompanied by serious loads, in fact, the child does not rest before the school year. This is dangerous for the immunity and nervous system of the baby. For learning to be comfortable and effective, it should begin long before the start of the school process. Gradually, from the age of three, you can teach your baby to count fingers, tell him about the environment, learn colors, etc. And from the age of five, preparation should be more serious. Children who go to kindergarten and special development centers are much more prepared in this regard. After all, a mother, even if she devotes a lot of time to a child and regularly works with him, cannot cover such an extensive program. Here are some skills and knowledge that a future first grader should have.

Check
These are the basics of mathematics and counting, which first of all consist in an excellent knowledge of numbers. The child must understand the principle of counting up to 100. He must be able to count not only from one, but from a given number, for example, he was told 4, and the baby continued - 5.6, 7, etc. Within 10, the child should be able to name neighboring numbers. That is, the number 7 is given, the child must determine that there is 6 before it, and 8 after the seven. The child must be familiar with such concepts as greater than, less than and equal to, he must be able to compare numbers within 10. The future first grader must not just memorize numbers, but also understand their meaning, he must be able to count apples, sweets, and other items. Some schools have requirements that the kid should be able to add and subtract within 10, the child should know what plus and minus are. Sometimes you need not only a simple, but also a reverse count. Without fail, a child of 6-7 years old must know the names of the main geometric shapes - a circle, a square, an oval, a triangle, etc. These are basic mathematical knowledge that a child must have before school.

Letter
Many children know how to write for school, but only in block letters, not in capital letters. The child must know all the letters, must be able to write simple words (it is allowed if he confuses E and Z, writes some letters in a mirror image). The kid must distinguish vowel sounds from consonants, he must know the difference between a letter and a sound. A future first grader should be able to divide a word into syllables, he should determine the location of the indicated letter in the word - at the beginning, in the middle or at the end. If you think of letters, the child must name several words for this letter. The kid should be able to properly hold the pen, circle the pictures along the contour without lifting the pencil from the paper. Usually, by this age, children can draw straight and wavy lines, circle various dotted curls in copybooks. A preschooler, as a rule, paints pictures quite accurately with paints and pencils.

Reading

Nowadays, it is very rare for children to come to school who do not yet know how to read. As a rule, a first grader already knows all the letters and can read syllable by syllable. We can say that reading is a basic skill, the sooner a child learns to read, the easier other subjects will be given to him. If you have not yet taught your child to read, you should start with vowels. Do not rush to learn all the letters, introduce the child to the basic ones - A, U, O, M, etc. Then it will be possible to make words out of them so that learning is not so boring. Some teachers recommend learning not letters, but sounds. In addition, now they are trying to teach children to read immediately in syllables. Otherwise, the child is often simply confused when the letter BE turns into the sound B. After such experiments, the child reads simple words like BE-A-BE-A, and not just Baba.

Creation
A child at this age paints pictures well, without going beyond its contours. The kid should be able to carefully use felt-tip pens, paints, pencils. He should be able to shade the designated areas on paper. A child of this age is quite good at sculpting various animals, fruits, vegetables, geometric shapes. The kid already has some abstract thinking - he can visually form an ikebana, an application from dry leaves, make crafts from improvised means, etc.

The world
By the age of 7, a child should know the days of the week, the seasons and months, the country of residence and the capital of their homeland. It is very important that the baby can give his full name, the name of the parents, his phone number and address. The child should know the names of the main animals, birds, fish. He must know how a tree differs from a shrub, must distinguish between fruits, berries and vegetables. The kid should know different natural phenomena - thunder, rain, hail, hurricane. It is important to introduce the child to such concepts as morning, afternoon and evening.

This is the basic knowledge with which the child must come to the first grade. Nobody says that the kid will not be taken to school if he does not know all this. But it will be much more difficult for a child to master the material if he cannot deal with the simplest initial concepts.

How to learn to be independent at school

Giving the child to school, parents should understand that from now on the baby will be left to himself in terms of hygiene. The primary school teacher, of course, helps the kids in many ways, but this is still not a teacher or a nanny in a kindergarten. By the age of seven, a child should be able to dress and undress completely independently - tie shoelaces, use zippers and rivets, fasten buttons, open and close an umbrella, change clothes for physical education, fold things, clean up after themselves, keep their workspace in order. This is as important as being able to read and write.

In addition, the child should be educated, explain to him the rules of behavior in society. He must understand that it is impossible to run, scream and indulge in the lesson. You can’t fight, offend the weak, bully, snap, swear, etc. You need to say hello, give way to adults, take care of school furniture, you need to help girls endure heavy loads. The child should know all these elementary rules even before entering school, these are the basic norms of etiquette. The upbringing of the baby comes from the family, remember this.

In addition to hygiene standards and writing and reading skills, it is very important to engage in the psychological preparation of the child for school. Here are some tips and tricks that might be helpful for moms of future first graders.

Teach your child in any situation to bring the work begun to the end, whether it is building a sand castle or a book that has been started. This will allow him to achieve great success in school.

If the child does not go to kindergarten and development centers, equip the game in the "School" at home, equipping a desk and all the necessary accessories. Change roles with your child so that he can be a teacher too. Give the child appropriate comments without offending or criticizing him. Toys can also go to school - dolls and bears.

Do not lose a trusting relationship with your child - talk to him more often in a calm atmosphere, talk about your affairs and plans. This is really important, if some extraordinary situation arises at school, the kid will definitely share it with you.

Tell him about something specific more often, keep the child's attention on a specific subject for 15-20 minutes.

If something doesn’t work out for a child, as a rule, he gets upset and throws it away. Your task is to teach the child to overcome difficulties. Help the kid to paint over the picture, find the right part of the puzzle or designer, correct the mistakes. It is important to help the baby, but not to do the task instead of him.

Instill in your child a sense of responsibility, for this the baby needs to be given more freedom of action. If workouts or hobby groups are close to your home, trust your child to attend additional classes on their own. Of course, you need to call the coach and make sure that the child has reached, but this is a secondary issue. The main thing is that the child understands that the degree of his responsibility is increasing, and he simply cannot blunder.

If the child is rarely in the children's team, this needs to be corrected. Take your baby to kindergarten, development centers, visit your peers, learn to communicate on the playground. If the child does not get along with children, try to find out the reason for this circumstance. Teach your child to be fair and honest. The kid should know the elementary "rules of the game" in the children's society. You can exchange toys with a friend only by mutual agreement. Whoever owns the toy or book gives permission to play with it. After a quarrel, you need to ask for forgiveness from those whom you offended. Beating girls and those who are younger than you is not allowed. At the same time, you need to teach the child so that he knows how to stand up for himself if he is offended. That is, you should not get into a fight first, but it is not forbidden to give change, especially if you have a son.

Tell your child about school more often, imagine the future period as something very important and necessary. Tell him that the baby has become very big, only kids remain in the kindergarten, and it's time for him to go to school. Talk about it brightly and positively, the child will tune in to the learning process with interest and curiosity.

It is necessary to explain to the child that there should be silence in the classroom in the lesson - only under this condition the teacher will be able to explain, tell and show something. Tell the child what he should do if he wants to ask the teacher something. It should also be clarified that it is advisable to raise your hand after an important part of the lesson, when the teacher has already explained the new material.

Choose in advance the school and the teacher you will study with. Many schools provide zero classes that you need to go to on Saturdays. This gives the child a great opportunity to get to know the teacher, future classmates, the kid gets used to the school environment, calls, etc.

These are the basic rules for the psychological preparation of the child, which every parent should know about.

Practical training

In addition to the psychological aspect, one should think about the practical side of the issue. Before school, it is imperative to do all vaccinations at least a month in advance to exclude the occurrence of unforeseen reactions. If the child gets up late, he needs to be gradually prepared for early rises, for this, a couple of weeks before the start of school, get up earlier and earlier. Gradually shifting the hours of lifting will save you from sudden stress, which can affect the condition of the baby.

In addition, you need to prepare the child for school financially. The clothes of a first-grader should be not only beautiful, but also comfortable, they should not wrinkle much, you need to purchase wardrobe items from natural fabrics that allow air to pass through. Shoes should also be comfortable, the backpack should meet ergonomic, aesthetic and medical requirements. Teach your child to take only the necessary supplies to school, do not carry everything that is on the desk. A heavy backpack is much more difficult to carry, it can lead to excessive fatigue and problems with the spine.

Even before the start of the school period, pay attention to the desk where the baby will study. Make sure that the child sits straight in the chair, does not stoop, does not bend over the notebook too low. Under the feet of the future first grader you need to put a small stand. Pay attention to the position of the legs. The knees should be bent at a right angle, as well as the lower leg in relation to the foot. Pay attention to the lighting, the light should fall on the table from the left side, ideally it should be daylight. If you do not pay attention to all these little things, then over time it can lead to a deterioration in the child's vision. According to statistics, every tenth child needs glasses after starting school. Therefore, parents should make every effort to preserve the child's vision.

Some first graders get very nervous when they go to school for the first time. This can be manifested by such reactions of the body as diarrhea, vomiting, hiccups, nervous tics, cold extremities. It is necessary to explain to the kid that school is very interesting and great, there you can learn a lot of new things, make friends for life, get the necessary knowledge. The more you talk to your child, the calmer he will be. And then everything will go according to plan. Do not worry too much, you are not the first, you are not the last!

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